Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Thursday, March 26, 2009
The way Taiwan present penalty rules in MRT
From a human value wiewpoint, I do not like this way to tell people do not eat and drink in MRT.
If you everyday walk into MRT station and everyday you see those photo, you will have a nice day?
Maybe you have another idea to do the advertisement. Share with us, please.
Bishop
Nordic food
This is what I eat in a friend's home on the birthday of Norway.
Is it delicious? Yes, a little too sweet. But for black coffe, it is fine.
And in the following is traditional foor in east Finland. I have learned how to make it.
Bishop
my article about Nordic library
This is a website if Taiwanses Library Association
I have some articles introduce libraries in Nordic countries.
Please see it.
Bishop
http://blog.lac.org.tw/publiclibepaper/index.php
I have some articles introduce libraries in Nordic countries.
Please see it.
Bishop
http://blog.lac.org.tw/publiclibepaper/index.php
cake of fesitval in Finland
Feb. 5 is a day to memory Mr. Runeberg
I stay with my friend in Helsinki and I got this cake, which people said his wife is the first person to made it.
We see how Finnish memory their poet. Eat something is a good way for memory people, do you think so? The following is some back ground informationabout this person.
Bishop
http://www.finnguide.fi/calendar/calendarevents.asp?month=2&p=6
Johan Ludvig Runeberg, born 05 February 1804 in Pietarsaari to a rather poor Swedish-speaking family, was a Finnish idealistic poet, who was highly respected in Finland and also achieved wide international fame. He was married with Fredrika Tengström and they had eight children.At the age of eight Runeberg was sent to school in Oulu and was taken care of by his uncle. After the death of his uncle, he studied at Vaasa and at the university of Turku. In the 1820's his friends were among others, J.L. Snellman and Zacharias Topelius. Runeberg received his Master of Arts degree in 1827, from the Helsinki University, and became a lecturer of Rhetoric in 1830.His first collection of poems "Dikter" (1830), showed his deep love for the Finnish landscape and for modest and persistent people of the backwoods. Runeberg wrote the great Finnish epic poem "Tales of Ensign Stål", about the Finland war of 1808-09.
The loss of the war became a secondary matter, when stories about brave fighting soldiers and patriotism where written about in Runebergs poems. His poems also inspired the promoters of the independence movement. The first poem in the epic Tales of Ensign Stål, "Our land (Maamme)", became the Finnish National Anthem.In 1839 Runeberg received the Swedish Academy's highest award for poetry, and in 1847 he became a rector of the collage in Porvoo. During the last 13 years of his life, Runeberg was unable to write , because of his paralysis caused during a hunting trip in 1863. He died in Porvoo in 1877 and the death of this great poet was an occasion for national mourning. In 1882 his house was transformed into a museum."Runeberg's tart", a delicacy named after the poet, is served on Runeberg's Day. In the 1800's it was very common to name cakes after celebrity persons. However it is said that the Runerberg Tart was created by a cafe in Porvoo, where Runeberg had a liking for a little dry bun which he ate together with a glass of punch. Later on the café keeper created Runeberg's tart from that...The statue of Runeberg is erected in Esplanadi Park which lies between the market square and Mannerheimintie in Helsinki.
national day of Norway
May 17 is national day of Norway
Parade in many place but no missile, no tank, that is a children's day. That is totally different experience in a country's birthday. Show joyful life , not show power. But peopel sing the beautiful national anthem many times. They are not tired for that. That also made me impressive.
Bishop
Mummon kammari (grandmother club in Tempere, Finland)
Here is a elderly activity center for elderly to help the elderly
下圖是一個玩偶，小紅帽大野狼與外婆共用一個布偶
http://evl.fi/EVLfi.nsf/Documents/3DD6332539A7D13CC225705B00292787?openDocument&lang=FI
下圖是一個玩偶，小紅帽大野狼與外婆共用一個布偶
芬蘭的高齡社區活動創新範例---祖母俱樂部
晚近許多國家都再摸索發展老人照顧方案因應高齡社會需要，也是社福資源有限下所必須。台灣有不少方案都是間歇性的，投入可觀經費但經常改朝換代就時有時無難收果效。還有的表面看方案不斷更新，但實際上除了年份修改以外，大部份的內容都依循舊例並無配合社會需求的突破創新。以下發跡於芬蘭的一個方案打破了這些問題而經營的很好，提供大家參考。
一、歷史背景
祖母俱樂部位在芬蘭大城Tempre，是這個城市教會組織的次組織，成立於一九八九年。到二零零五年為止，有一千名志工。而自從成立以來，因為運作成功被推廣，現在全芬蘭以經有兩百個類似的組織，甚至推廣到海外。組織成立宗旨是幫助你的鄰舍，聽到你的鄰舍有需要的呼求，盡可能伸出援手，以現有的能做的各種技能協助。這是志工性質但是也結合專業社工，特別是城市的社會福利與健康部門。祖母俱樂部以基督教服務別人的態度從事服務，但是服務不分對象的宗教背景。一九九三年，這個組織的運作模式在芬蘭國家社福與醫療發展研究中心所辦的一項名為更高品質更低支出的研發評筆中獲選優良模式。
這個組織招募志工，這並不新鮮，但是在理念上，它想到人有希望幫助別人的本性，而社會上失業的人需要維持生活的意義，組織就要整合現有資源滿足社會需求，並且在一種沒有成見的前提下彼此合作。
二、運作
(一)、組織存在的出發點：
1.節省社福經費
2.盡可能從機構式照顧轉移到非機構式照顧
3.活得久的人越來越多，總體需求更多
4.失業人需要找到生活意義，志工使他們有社會接觸機會
5.將志工視為機構照護越來越不易經營以後的一種新資源
6.強化志工與專業社工的連結將是有益的事
7.志工激發一些新的負責的生活方式
8.志工豐富人生也是預防疾病服務
(二)、志工中心的功能、資源與合作夥伴
1.功能：
組織中心等於一個神經中樞，負責招募聯繫志工，一個窗口解決所有問題。
(1)招募辦公室：永遠在找新志工，可能透過人介紹或者專業人士引薦，對做志工的人提供服務與支持
(2)神經中樞：
白天開放，隨時因應各地回報的事項。快速的接收以及評估各方傳來的需要。然後聯絡專業服務人員或是派遣志工前往。志工可能接到指令從家裡出發或從這個中心出發，擔負每日或長期的工作。
(3)志工社：
以專業社工支持志工，包括緊急需求或個人服務，輔導各志工團體、輔導現場工作(如社福健康中心、居家護理、居家服務團體)。根據志工的興趣安排到合適的機構服務。
(4)通訊辦公室：
負責各種外來訊息、國際志工聯絡以及公關。
(5)訓練中心：
結合地區學院進行志工訓練以及社會健康教育。對學生提供實務訓練，也是國家發展志工的諮詢中心。
(6)集會休息區：
為了讓志工可交流以及聚集，設有大櫥窗的咖啡屋，隨時開放。可以容納不同的活動，接待不同的客人，甚至安排一些活動，讓想要服務別人但是不便外出服務的人能夠參與服務。理念是今日的客人是明日的志工。這個集會休息區也由志工負責。
2.資源：
運用現有資源整合，一部人找人，另一部分人找空間，還有的負責運作。
(1)空間：地點盡量在市中心，使要去的人方便抵達。提供咖啡屋、客廳訓練間和辦公室以及小廚房。找人捐傢俱與設備。公共房屋通常可以靠有心的鄰居修復使用。
(2)人力資源：清潔人員、有專業素養可以支持志工的人、每日可派遣的志工、受訓學生、聯絡人員以及帶活動的人。別忘了志工多了，就是發動更大規模活動的基礎。
(3)錢：人事和辦公室支出、廣告和志工車費，其他經費來源(如賣紀念品、賓果機彩金)，志工工作便宜但是並非都不花錢。
3.合作夥伴：
公共組織支援經費、民間組織支援人力。
(1) 公共組織：
行政區所屬社會與健康照顧部門和醫院提供資訊，使給不同城市之間的資訊互通與合作，及其他公共服務部門的投入(如青年工作、文化工作、教會服事善工)。
(2) 民間組織：
組織、社團、基金會，特別是那些與失業有關的組織。
4.成功因素：
現在有不少志工活動已經成為民眾的嗜好。外來的志工模式未必適用芬蘭，所以芬蘭要看自己的情況發展適合的志工組織與運作方式。
(1)工作不能由上而下，由外而內，應由自發、由下而上。
(2)起始點是民眾的需要(而不是一些組織在背後操作需要)
(3)志工勝任且是獨立的公民(可負責的工作、可負責的人，各種被關心的事能快速得到必要的協助)
(4)教育必要，但不是給志工上社福醫療職業化的課程，人的生命經驗與常識就可以投入協助別人。幫助別人是常態，沒有人需要特別裝備一下才會像人。
(5)志工要有志工的專業態度(這要經過訓練、鼓勵志工實驗創新服務方式)
(6)志工角色相較專業工作者，是支持補強而非取代，互補。到底哪些工作適合志工？要讓工會了解志工不搶飯碗而是支持。高階層單位都要知道志工的工作，最高階支持很重要。訂定志工規則並實現之。要有活動組織以便長期轉變態度促進發展。
(7)設計網路方法，為志工安排引導者、發展自我導向志工團體、帶動與民間組織的大規模長期合作。沒有成見的與各組織、商業團體合作。寂寞，是最大的顧客。
(8)目標導向的工作最有利。新的支持者與贊助者會不斷浮現。
5.結論：
認真的看待志工組織又有效廣徵資源，可以達成短期立即與長期的服務。志工得到人生的意義，即使失業的人也可從中得到尊嚴、強化社會互動網路，專業人士得以減壓，合作的組織得到新志工，一般人從中得到可以做志工的機會，也看到一種照顧周遭人，生活得更像人的正面模式。
人人得到對未來的信心，一起去實現對未來的期待。
(三)志工中心的實際工作：
1.個人需求：
包括臨時的。如送東西、換燈泡、洗澡、休閒、送飯、喘息替代。常態的，如作朋友、祖父祖母代理、與年輕弱智者做朋友、喪禮支持、周間及晚間拜訪。
2.機構需求：
醫院(送人回家、病房服務、週末咖啡時間、放衣物到架上、戶外休閒、看花、病患朋友服務)，長照中心(休閒、講話、遊戲、跳舞、嗜好活動、遠足、禱告、坐在將死的人旁邊。
3.在志工中心的人的工作：
管理看報間、圖書館、德雷莎修女業務(合作布織品以供應印度兒童醫院或其他社福需要)、帶唱歌、紀念品店、摺餐巾、裁縫活動。
(四)志工組織：
分區以及機構，成立自我導向團隊，各有接洽人，再連結志工中心人員與管理者。
(五)合作的組織：
社區健康與衛生部門、警察、警察合唱團、大眾媒體、社區文化機構、安寧之家、教會(服事善工、青年工作、資訊提供)、教學機構(醫療團隊、衛生所)、慈善團體、婦女團體、童子軍、智障之家。
(六)公共關係：
志工推廣靠媒體，露出訊息時一定有標誌，要很人性，得到報紙每日免費版面、活動預告，志工本身也是最好的宣傳者。賣出去的東西一定要有標誌。
(七)社會網路：
封閉網路(個人協助)：家人、親戚、朋友、鄰居
志工網路(志工協助)：組織、社會、俱樂部、社團
公共網路(專業協助)：各種公共服務、商業服務
三種網路的交互互動形成社會網路。
(八)祖母俱樂部的活動：
每月展覽、點心時間、圖書館、唱歌社團、幼兒空間、家庭禮拜、電腦教學、停更年期婦女之夜、失婚婦女支持團體、德雷莎修女是工、記憶訓練、讀報討論時間、做手工藝品、志工經驗分享。志工活動空間是一位外來者找尋自己新位置的最好場所與機會。
三、討論
祖母俱樂部由名字顧名思義，可能以為是老人專屬機構，事實上並非如此。不過，實際上因為年輕人忙碌，這裡真正常態在參與志工活動的確實多數為老人。由這個組織的運作可以看到以下幾個值得思考的方向：
(一)延續經驗再思：老人學習最好能延續老人過去的經驗，在祖母俱樂部許多女性可以繼續以打毛衣織布等芬蘭國民從幼年就熟悉的技術，繼續服務別人。同樣的工作，老人還可以做，但是服務的對象是別人造成價值。很多生活手工 是芬蘭人的共同記憶，那麼台灣人年輕時做過而老年可以繼續做，但是轉而成為服務他人的又是什麼？
(二)高齡創新促進：祖母俱樂部是一個支持學習者創造力發揮的組織結構，也提供成就感，提昇學習自我效能。這裡提供團體活動，透過對話產生創意交互激盪，又有實作練習。同時，這裡的制度在一定的工作型態中鼓勵創意，例如手工，另外，也在志工可服務的項目中，根據需求而發展更有效益的模式。
(三)失業民眾關懷：這個組織很明確的指出失業者與生活意義之間的矛盾，並且提供改善這種無價值感的管道，而且是很有尊嚴的方式，以服務他人肯定自己。其實活著有價值是帶動一切後續生涯的基礎，志工工作維繫了這個價值，也減少了社會成本。
(四)多元自我實現：這個組織提供的服務項目、場所能夠讓新進者有很自然的接近方式、很充分的選擇自由，以專業的態度、一般人的基本職能，就可以參與付出。讓想到透過付出達到肯定自我、實現自我的人幾乎一定有機會完成目的。
(五)支持系統完備：如果付出也是一種學習，隨著社會的改變，付出行動要面對新的對象、新的方式，其中難免有挫折或者在追求更好的服務的過程，需要新的知識與心理支持，這個組織有專業社工以及專業組織雙重後援，使付出、服務也能成為有學習資源後援的一種生活方式，發揮以往經驗，但不停予以往經驗。
(六)撤退活動再思：撤退理論指出人退休解除重擔。雖然短期來看，人們可以不必負擔責任，但是隨著居住與產業、就業結構的改變，越來越多老人獨居或形同獨居，撤退與否可能也看個人人格特質，但不代表人適合孤獨。當過去能夠不孤獨的條件逐漸消失，如同祖母俱樂部這樣的社團使人有機會繼續屬於某個團體，在心理與價值上取得支持。至於與撤退理論相對的活動理論，在這個組織中看到提供社會參與的機會，而且多樣化，盡量做到各種不同背景與不同專長不同生活興趣的人都能在志工參與中各得其所。
祖母俱樂部並不只有女性參與，只是尊重女性以及女性餘命較長的社會背景下的定名。根據芬蘭社會福利與健康部的資料，只有十分之一老人無聊，這個祖母俱樂部或許可以看到一部分的原因。
一、歷史背景
祖母俱樂部位在芬蘭大城Tempre，是這個城市教會組織的次組織，成立於一九八九年。到二零零五年為止，有一千名志工。而自從成立以來，因為運作成功被推廣，現在全芬蘭以經有兩百個類似的組織，甚至推廣到海外。組織成立宗旨是幫助你的鄰舍，聽到你的鄰舍有需要的呼求，盡可能伸出援手，以現有的能做的各種技能協助。這是志工性質但是也結合專業社工，特別是城市的社會福利與健康部門。祖母俱樂部以基督教服務別人的態度從事服務，但是服務不分對象的宗教背景。一九九三年，這個組織的運作模式在芬蘭國家社福與醫療發展研究中心所辦的一項名為更高品質更低支出的研發評筆中獲選優良模式。
這個組織招募志工，這並不新鮮，但是在理念上，它想到人有希望幫助別人的本性，而社會上失業的人需要維持生活的意義，組織就要整合現有資源滿足社會需求，並且在一種沒有成見的前提下彼此合作。
二、運作
(一)、組織存在的出發點：
1.節省社福經費
2.盡可能從機構式照顧轉移到非機構式照顧
3.活得久的人越來越多，總體需求更多
4.失業人需要找到生活意義，志工使他們有社會接觸機會
5.將志工視為機構照護越來越不易經營以後的一種新資源
6.強化志工與專業社工的連結將是有益的事
7.志工激發一些新的負責的生活方式
8.志工豐富人生也是預防疾病服務
(二)、志工中心的功能、資源與合作夥伴
1.功能：
組織中心等於一個神經中樞，負責招募聯繫志工，一個窗口解決所有問題。
(1)招募辦公室：永遠在找新志工，可能透過人介紹或者專業人士引薦，對做志工的人提供服務與支持
(2)神經中樞：
白天開放，隨時因應各地回報的事項。快速的接收以及評估各方傳來的需要。然後聯絡專業服務人員或是派遣志工前往。志工可能接到指令從家裡出發或從這個中心出發，擔負每日或長期的工作。
(3)志工社：
以專業社工支持志工，包括緊急需求或個人服務，輔導各志工團體、輔導現場工作(如社福健康中心、居家護理、居家服務團體)。根據志工的興趣安排到合適的機構服務。
(4)通訊辦公室：
負責各種外來訊息、國際志工聯絡以及公關。
(5)訓練中心：
結合地區學院進行志工訓練以及社會健康教育。對學生提供實務訓練，也是國家發展志工的諮詢中心。
(6)集會休息區：
為了讓志工可交流以及聚集，設有大櫥窗的咖啡屋，隨時開放。可以容納不同的活動，接待不同的客人，甚至安排一些活動，讓想要服務別人但是不便外出服務的人能夠參與服務。理念是今日的客人是明日的志工。這個集會休息區也由志工負責。
2.資源：
運用現有資源整合，一部人找人，另一部分人找空間，還有的負責運作。
(1)空間：地點盡量在市中心，使要去的人方便抵達。提供咖啡屋、客廳訓練間和辦公室以及小廚房。找人捐傢俱與設備。公共房屋通常可以靠有心的鄰居修復使用。
(2)人力資源：清潔人員、有專業素養可以支持志工的人、每日可派遣的志工、受訓學生、聯絡人員以及帶活動的人。別忘了志工多了，就是發動更大規模活動的基礎。
(3)錢：人事和辦公室支出、廣告和志工車費，其他經費來源(如賣紀念品、賓果機彩金)，志工工作便宜但是並非都不花錢。
3.合作夥伴：
公共組織支援經費、民間組織支援人力。
(1) 公共組織：
行政區所屬社會與健康照顧部門和醫院提供資訊，使給不同城市之間的資訊互通與合作，及其他公共服務部門的投入(如青年工作、文化工作、教會服事善工)。
(2) 民間組織：
組織、社團、基金會，特別是那些與失業有關的組織。
4.成功因素：
現在有不少志工活動已經成為民眾的嗜好。外來的志工模式未必適用芬蘭，所以芬蘭要看自己的情況發展適合的志工組織與運作方式。
(1)工作不能由上而下，由外而內，應由自發、由下而上。
(2)起始點是民眾的需要(而不是一些組織在背後操作需要)
(3)志工勝任且是獨立的公民(可負責的工作、可負責的人，各種被關心的事能快速得到必要的協助)
(4)教育必要，但不是給志工上社福醫療職業化的課程，人的生命經驗與常識就可以投入協助別人。幫助別人是常態，沒有人需要特別裝備一下才會像人。
(5)志工要有志工的專業態度(這要經過訓練、鼓勵志工實驗創新服務方式)
(6)志工角色相較專業工作者，是支持補強而非取代，互補。到底哪些工作適合志工？要讓工會了解志工不搶飯碗而是支持。高階層單位都要知道志工的工作，最高階支持很重要。訂定志工規則並實現之。要有活動組織以便長期轉變態度促進發展。
(7)設計網路方法，為志工安排引導者、發展自我導向志工團體、帶動與民間組織的大規模長期合作。沒有成見的與各組織、商業團體合作。寂寞，是最大的顧客。
(8)目標導向的工作最有利。新的支持者與贊助者會不斷浮現。
5.結論：
認真的看待志工組織又有效廣徵資源，可以達成短期立即與長期的服務。志工得到人生的意義，即使失業的人也可從中得到尊嚴、強化社會互動網路，專業人士得以減壓，合作的組織得到新志工，一般人從中得到可以做志工的機會，也看到一種照顧周遭人，生活得更像人的正面模式。
人人得到對未來的信心，一起去實現對未來的期待。
(三)志工中心的實際工作：
1.個人需求：
包括臨時的。如送東西、換燈泡、洗澡、休閒、送飯、喘息替代。常態的，如作朋友、祖父祖母代理、與年輕弱智者做朋友、喪禮支持、周間及晚間拜訪。
2.機構需求：
醫院(送人回家、病房服務、週末咖啡時間、放衣物到架上、戶外休閒、看花、病患朋友服務)，長照中心(休閒、講話、遊戲、跳舞、嗜好活動、遠足、禱告、坐在將死的人旁邊。
3.在志工中心的人的工作：
管理看報間、圖書館、德雷莎修女業務(合作布織品以供應印度兒童醫院或其他社福需要)、帶唱歌、紀念品店、摺餐巾、裁縫活動。
(四)志工組織：
分區以及機構，成立自我導向團隊，各有接洽人，再連結志工中心人員與管理者。
(五)合作的組織：
社區健康與衛生部門、警察、警察合唱團、大眾媒體、社區文化機構、安寧之家、教會(服事善工、青年工作、資訊提供)、教學機構(醫療團隊、衛生所)、慈善團體、婦女團體、童子軍、智障之家。
(六)公共關係：
志工推廣靠媒體，露出訊息時一定有標誌，要很人性，得到報紙每日免費版面、活動預告，志工本身也是最好的宣傳者。賣出去的東西一定要有標誌。
(七)社會網路：
封閉網路(個人協助)：家人、親戚、朋友、鄰居
志工網路(志工協助)：組織、社會、俱樂部、社團
公共網路(專業協助)：各種公共服務、商業服務
三種網路的交互互動形成社會網路。
(八)祖母俱樂部的活動：
每月展覽、點心時間、圖書館、唱歌社團、幼兒空間、家庭禮拜、電腦教學、停更年期婦女之夜、失婚婦女支持團體、德雷莎修女是工、記憶訓練、讀報討論時間、做手工藝品、志工經驗分享。志工活動空間是一位外來者找尋自己新位置的最好場所與機會。
三、討論
祖母俱樂部由名字顧名思義，可能以為是老人專屬機構，事實上並非如此。不過，實際上因為年輕人忙碌，這裡真正常態在參與志工活動的確實多數為老人。由這個組織的運作可以看到以下幾個值得思考的方向：
(一)延續經驗再思：老人學習最好能延續老人過去的經驗，在祖母俱樂部許多女性可以繼續以打毛衣織布等芬蘭國民從幼年就熟悉的技術，繼續服務別人。同樣的工作，老人還可以做，但是服務的對象是別人造成價值。很多生活手工 是芬蘭人的共同記憶，那麼台灣人年輕時做過而老年可以繼續做，但是轉而成為服務他人的又是什麼？
(二)高齡創新促進：祖母俱樂部是一個支持學習者創造力發揮的組織結構，也提供成就感，提昇學習自我效能。這裡提供團體活動，透過對話產生創意交互激盪，又有實作練習。同時，這裡的制度在一定的工作型態中鼓勵創意，例如手工，另外，也在志工可服務的項目中，根據需求而發展更有效益的模式。
(三)失業民眾關懷：這個組織很明確的指出失業者與生活意義之間的矛盾，並且提供改善這種無價值感的管道，而且是很有尊嚴的方式，以服務他人肯定自己。其實活著有價值是帶動一切後續生涯的基礎，志工工作維繫了這個價值，也減少了社會成本。
(四)多元自我實現：這個組織提供的服務項目、場所能夠讓新進者有很自然的接近方式、很充分的選擇自由，以專業的態度、一般人的基本職能，就可以參與付出。讓想到透過付出達到肯定自我、實現自我的人幾乎一定有機會完成目的。
(五)支持系統完備：如果付出也是一種學習，隨著社會的改變，付出行動要面對新的對象、新的方式，其中難免有挫折或者在追求更好的服務的過程，需要新的知識與心理支持，這個組織有專業社工以及專業組織雙重後援，使付出、服務也能成為有學習資源後援的一種生活方式，發揮以往經驗，但不停予以往經驗。
(六)撤退活動再思：撤退理論指出人退休解除重擔。雖然短期來看，人們可以不必負擔責任，但是隨著居住與產業、就業結構的改變，越來越多老人獨居或形同獨居，撤退與否可能也看個人人格特質，但不代表人適合孤獨。當過去能夠不孤獨的條件逐漸消失，如同祖母俱樂部這樣的社團使人有機會繼續屬於某個團體，在心理與價值上取得支持。至於與撤退理論相對的活動理論，在這個組織中看到提供社會參與的機會，而且多樣化，盡量做到各種不同背景與不同專長不同生活興趣的人都能在志工參與中各得其所。
祖母俱樂部並不只有女性參與，只是尊重女性以及女性餘命較長的社會背景下的定名。根據芬蘭社會福利與健康部的資料，只有十分之一老人無聊，這個祖母俱樂部或許可以看到一部分的原因。
sensitive park for mental retard and dementia people
丹麥智障公園
在丹麥哥本哈根市區有個心智障礙者的公園，這個公園呈長條狀，隔一條十米的馬路就是一個心智障礙中心，兩者都在社區裡。以下從設計特色和施工資源兩個角度來討論。
這個公園長近三百公尺，寬四十公尺，對所有社區居民開放，唯獨敬告民眾不要牽狗在內散步，因為這可能會嚇到心智障礙的人。一般人不經意的把心智障礙概括化，其實有很多種，有的會很不習慣陌生的狗或別的動物。
公園內有各種設施供休閒遊憩，依照參與規劃的社區牧師彼得布賀的解釋，陳設物係依據人的感官特性而來，如人有嗅覺、聽覺、觸覺、視覺等。因此園中種各式各樣味道的花草，有經互動可以發出聲音的設施，例如一排打擊音樂鋼管，還有刻意增加水流聲的斜坡噴水道，各種觸感的扶手，彩色玻璃的隧道等。此外，還有玩平衡的搖擺平台，隆起的涼亭斜坡道，圓形橡皮墊的大型安全鞦韆等，變化非常多。在其中行走覺得很好玩，在一旁的人行道上與公園平行散步看公園內，也是一種值得欣賞的景觀。而整個人行道與公園的沿線都有大樹，到秋天全為金黃色，風中搖擺對比藍天非常美麗，總體來說，就是一種很好的生活氛圍。
這個公園一旁就是智障安養中心，等於延伸了智障者的活動空間，而且是考量他們的安全和需要而設。依照靈性護理學者Carson(1989)的觀點，人是由身心與靈三個部份組合並相互影響，身的部份是透過與外界的互動而感知存在與價值，上述的設計正是刺激了身的部份，透過對身的刺激促進良好的情緒與自我，進而更感覺到自己活著可以享受為人的樂趣，因而覺得更有意義與價值，因為這些設計讓智障者多面向經驗到世界的美好，體驗到生活的樂趣。
這個公園建置時由政府邀請失業者參與，讓失業者領失業補助也同時對社會有貢獻，使失業的人雖無職場成就感卻在建置公園有成就感，尤其是為智障者而工作，滿足智障者的需要，亦更珍惜自己與生俱來的能力。其實這個公園的工程不需太複雜施工技術也不算高危險性，而且施工者也可有一定程度的創造性參與。回到Carson(1989)的觀點，公園除了 對智障者的生活價值提昇以外，對失業者的生活尊嚴與生活價值也有很大幫助。可見一件事可以同時造就好多人，只要來自明確而有建設性的出發點。
2004年我首次參訪這個公園，正值台灣推動擴大就業方案。那時政府從行政院到基層許多公家機關都有失業者進入服務。我住在高雄，對這種擴大就業方案實施較印象深刻的是看到在高雄市許多十字路口早晚都有來自這種計畫的人力指揮交通。有的路口明明紅綠燈正常而且已經有交通警察和替代役男，四個角落還有四位甚至更多的擴大就業方案而來的民眾拿著紅旗子按著紅綠燈比旗號以示通行否。我非常納悶這些人顯然聽覺與肢體行動能力正常，卻在大馬路上做警察與紅綠燈已經在執行的工作，他們難道沒有別的更適合的工作可以貢獻社會嗎？這樣子月領一萬多元，難道他們不覺得無聊或者意義感成就感比較低嗎？難道政府拿不出更好的方法幫助他們從事更有成長和貢獻的工作設計嗎？
後來我在好幾個演講場合不斷提出這樣的問題，並以丹麥的智障公園的故事為例。結果有一次有真正參與擴大就業方案的朋友私下回答我，表示其實不在乎我認為的那種成就感，而且覺得在十字路口比一比就能領一萬多也感覺到比較輕鬆。這人的話也許不能代表所有擔任同樣工作的人的感受，但至少給了我一點答案。也許真的是國情不同，所以政府的想法和民眾的想法也不一樣。
另外，在參訪回到台灣後，見到高雄市政府把許多公園裡的搖椅都銲接成不能搖，我曾問工務局，局長說因為搖椅曾經夾傷人，為了避免再夾傷人要國賠，所以全部焊起來，變成遠遠看公園都有搖椅其實都不能動。我又問為什麼容易夾傷而且會夾斷手腳甚至發生生命危險，局長說因為搖椅材質是很厚重的鋼管，用特別厚重則是因為要禁得起破壞和不正確的使用，以免花了錢太快壞掉。這似乎是一個缺乏國民道德的社會和一個想不出更好辦法的政府互動之下的結果。其實國民道德也許有落差，但是看看丹麥這個智障公園的鞦韆，也很厚重，但是非常安全。從環型橡皮造型和距離地面的高度以及地面上的細紗石就可看到很不容意夾傷人而且非常耐用，也沒辦法搖的非常劇烈，達到遊樂目的卻很不容意破壞或發生危險。我相信這種設計需要一些成本，但是顯然不是非常昂貴，也扯不上什麼科技，還是在乎人怎麼想使用者的需要以及維護管理的成本。除了設施的設計問題，我還曾看到台灣公園的殘障廁所被清掃人員封起來拿來當掃具間，我問為什麼？工務局的人回答我是因為清掃人員怕大家把廁所弄髒，增加麻煩，放掃具正好掃具也不容易失竊。這當然也很奇怪，因為廁所是為人的使用而設計的。但這倒讓我想到，丹麥的這個公園並無廁所，也許是因為公園不算大，而且就在社區裡，距離人們的住處不遠，所以不建廁所。有時我們非常為民眾考量，想到要建廁所，既然建，就得想到管理的方式，我們不能期待國民的公德心一日改變，但也許正因如此，我們需要多花心思設計。
2004年我首次看到這個公園，梯形小瀑布還蓋著帆布正在興建，2005年再去以見潺潺流水聲真的很特別，2008年第三度拜訪，這個公園還是維持的很好而且更漂亮，可見禁得起考驗而且還像好的電腦設計一樣可以不斷擴充新硬體呢。2008年我經過時，看著智障者來來往往，心有所感，覺得因為這樣的公園，作為一個旁觀者等於更有機會看到智障者生活的多面向，在這些設施中他們可以展現更多自己的能力並享受樂趣，無形中讓我對智障者的認識也更多。由此來看，這個公園除了服務智障者，還可讓社區民眾對智障者的生活面貌改觀，這也是另一個好處。
台灣很多人反對智障安養中心設置在自己的社區，直到2008年，如創世基金會還是在高雄市受到排擠，而台南市政府想在灣裡地區建銀髮村也受到民眾以影響地價和地方發展為由強烈反對。反對的人們年年在廟宇辦慈善活動和清寒獎助學金，卻對老殘相關建設完全持另一種態度。我認為除了人的私心以外，也許政府和相關的非營利組織除了想幫助弱勢者之外，也應想些新的辦法來影響人們對於弱勢者的看法，而不是只有對這些反對感到無奈或者譴責。丹麥智障公園以及一旁的智障安養中心都可以給我們很多想像空間。
延伸思考：
1.您有去過台灣的公園嗎？有哪些讓你印象深刻的感受？
2.你對台灣公園的最大期待是什麼？
3.你見過台灣公園有哪些良好而富創意的設計？
4.如果換成你來設計智障者公園或者為其他特定族群設置的公園，你有什麼想法？
5.關於使用器材和遊樂的公德心問題，你有什麼看法？你覺得可以如何導引民眾減少對公共環境的傷害？甚至對公共環境有參與維持？
6.你有沒有聽過或親深經驗過國外的社區公園或者為特定使用族群設置的公園，你希望分享的？
7.對於失業擴大就業方案與公共設施建置，你有別的創意組合嗎？你的跟據理念是什麼？可執行嗎？
在丹麥哥本哈根市區有個心智障礙者的公園，這個公園呈長條狀，隔一條十米的馬路就是一個心智障礙中心，兩者都在社區裡。以下從設計特色和施工資源兩個角度來討論。
這個公園長近三百公尺，寬四十公尺，對所有社區居民開放，唯獨敬告民眾不要牽狗在內散步，因為這可能會嚇到心智障礙的人。一般人不經意的把心智障礙概括化，其實有很多種，有的會很不習慣陌生的狗或別的動物。
公園內有各種設施供休閒遊憩，依照參與規劃的社區牧師彼得布賀的解釋，陳設物係依據人的感官特性而來，如人有嗅覺、聽覺、觸覺、視覺等。因此園中種各式各樣味道的花草，有經互動可以發出聲音的設施，例如一排打擊音樂鋼管，還有刻意增加水流聲的斜坡噴水道，各種觸感的扶手，彩色玻璃的隧道等。此外，還有玩平衡的搖擺平台，隆起的涼亭斜坡道，圓形橡皮墊的大型安全鞦韆等，變化非常多。在其中行走覺得很好玩，在一旁的人行道上與公園平行散步看公園內，也是一種值得欣賞的景觀。而整個人行道與公園的沿線都有大樹，到秋天全為金黃色，風中搖擺對比藍天非常美麗，總體來說，就是一種很好的生活氛圍。
這個公園一旁就是智障安養中心，等於延伸了智障者的活動空間，而且是考量他們的安全和需要而設。依照靈性護理學者Carson(1989)的觀點，人是由身心與靈三個部份組合並相互影響，身的部份是透過與外界的互動而感知存在與價值，上述的設計正是刺激了身的部份，透過對身的刺激促進良好的情緒與自我，進而更感覺到自己活著可以享受為人的樂趣，因而覺得更有意義與價值，因為這些設計讓智障者多面向經驗到世界的美好，體驗到生活的樂趣。
這個公園建置時由政府邀請失業者參與，讓失業者領失業補助也同時對社會有貢獻，使失業的人雖無職場成就感卻在建置公園有成就感，尤其是為智障者而工作，滿足智障者的需要，亦更珍惜自己與生俱來的能力。其實這個公園的工程不需太複雜施工技術也不算高危險性，而且施工者也可有一定程度的創造性參與。回到Carson(1989)的觀點，公園除了 對智障者的生活價值提昇以外，對失業者的生活尊嚴與生活價值也有很大幫助。可見一件事可以同時造就好多人，只要來自明確而有建設性的出發點。
2004年我首次參訪這個公園，正值台灣推動擴大就業方案。那時政府從行政院到基層許多公家機關都有失業者進入服務。我住在高雄，對這種擴大就業方案實施較印象深刻的是看到在高雄市許多十字路口早晚都有來自這種計畫的人力指揮交通。有的路口明明紅綠燈正常而且已經有交通警察和替代役男，四個角落還有四位甚至更多的擴大就業方案而來的民眾拿著紅旗子按著紅綠燈比旗號以示通行否。我非常納悶這些人顯然聽覺與肢體行動能力正常，卻在大馬路上做警察與紅綠燈已經在執行的工作，他們難道沒有別的更適合的工作可以貢獻社會嗎？這樣子月領一萬多元，難道他們不覺得無聊或者意義感成就感比較低嗎？難道政府拿不出更好的方法幫助他們從事更有成長和貢獻的工作設計嗎？
後來我在好幾個演講場合不斷提出這樣的問題，並以丹麥的智障公園的故事為例。結果有一次有真正參與擴大就業方案的朋友私下回答我，表示其實不在乎我認為的那種成就感，而且覺得在十字路口比一比就能領一萬多也感覺到比較輕鬆。這人的話也許不能代表所有擔任同樣工作的人的感受，但至少給了我一點答案。也許真的是國情不同，所以政府的想法和民眾的想法也不一樣。
另外，在參訪回到台灣後，見到高雄市政府把許多公園裡的搖椅都銲接成不能搖，我曾問工務局，局長說因為搖椅曾經夾傷人，為了避免再夾傷人要國賠，所以全部焊起來，變成遠遠看公園都有搖椅其實都不能動。我又問為什麼容易夾傷而且會夾斷手腳甚至發生生命危險，局長說因為搖椅材質是很厚重的鋼管，用特別厚重則是因為要禁得起破壞和不正確的使用，以免花了錢太快壞掉。這似乎是一個缺乏國民道德的社會和一個想不出更好辦法的政府互動之下的結果。其實國民道德也許有落差，但是看看丹麥這個智障公園的鞦韆，也很厚重，但是非常安全。從環型橡皮造型和距離地面的高度以及地面上的細紗石就可看到很不容意夾傷人而且非常耐用，也沒辦法搖的非常劇烈，達到遊樂目的卻很不容意破壞或發生危險。我相信這種設計需要一些成本，但是顯然不是非常昂貴，也扯不上什麼科技，還是在乎人怎麼想使用者的需要以及維護管理的成本。除了設施的設計問題，我還曾看到台灣公園的殘障廁所被清掃人員封起來拿來當掃具間，我問為什麼？工務局的人回答我是因為清掃人員怕大家把廁所弄髒，增加麻煩，放掃具正好掃具也不容易失竊。這當然也很奇怪，因為廁所是為人的使用而設計的。但這倒讓我想到，丹麥的這個公園並無廁所，也許是因為公園不算大，而且就在社區裡，距離人們的住處不遠，所以不建廁所。有時我們非常為民眾考量，想到要建廁所，既然建，就得想到管理的方式，我們不能期待國民的公德心一日改變，但也許正因如此，我們需要多花心思設計。
2004年我首次看到這個公園，梯形小瀑布還蓋著帆布正在興建，2005年再去以見潺潺流水聲真的很特別，2008年第三度拜訪，這個公園還是維持的很好而且更漂亮，可見禁得起考驗而且還像好的電腦設計一樣可以不斷擴充新硬體呢。2008年我經過時，看著智障者來來往往，心有所感，覺得因為這樣的公園，作為一個旁觀者等於更有機會看到智障者生活的多面向，在這些設施中他們可以展現更多自己的能力並享受樂趣，無形中讓我對智障者的認識也更多。由此來看，這個公園除了服務智障者，還可讓社區民眾對智障者的生活面貌改觀，這也是另一個好處。
台灣很多人反對智障安養中心設置在自己的社區，直到2008年，如創世基金會還是在高雄市受到排擠，而台南市政府想在灣裡地區建銀髮村也受到民眾以影響地價和地方發展為由強烈反對。反對的人們年年在廟宇辦慈善活動和清寒獎助學金，卻對老殘相關建設完全持另一種態度。我認為除了人的私心以外，也許政府和相關的非營利組織除了想幫助弱勢者之外，也應想些新的辦法來影響人們對於弱勢者的看法，而不是只有對這些反對感到無奈或者譴責。丹麥智障公園以及一旁的智障安養中心都可以給我們很多想像空間。
延伸思考：
1.您有去過台灣的公園嗎？有哪些讓你印象深刻的感受？
2.你對台灣公園的最大期待是什麼？
3.你見過台灣公園有哪些良好而富創意的設計？
4.如果換成你來設計智障者公園或者為其他特定族群設置的公園，你有什麼想法？
5.關於使用器材和遊樂的公德心問題，你有什麼看法？你覺得可以如何導引民眾減少對公共環境的傷害？甚至對公共環境有參與維持？
6.你有沒有聽過或親深經驗過國外的社區公園或者為特定使用族群設置的公園，你希望分享的？
7.對於失業擴大就業方案與公共設施建置，你有別的創意組合嗎？你的跟據理念是什麼？可執行嗎？
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Education and Entertainment of Children
Here are questions from some Taiwanese students in the university:
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
* I think I would still like to be a North European. I think the things are quite good in here. I've got everything I need and I'm happy. I've sometimes dreamed about living in the United Kingdom, but I'm happy about where I'm from. I'm finnish, and that's what matters. I'm proud of my roots.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
* Of course, I think that education is really good on you. I couldn't really think much of anything else than studying, at the point of my life, because I'm so young.
I don't think there are many people who think that they would quit studying because of the welfare being so good.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say “the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!” If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
* If the child was really young I think the parents would say something as above, because they wouldn't want him to do it again, and the parents would think that if they said something like that, then the child would learn not to do it again. It depends on the parents, but I think many of them would say stuff like “We were so worried, where have you been? Please don't do that again, anything could have happened to you. We really were worried.”
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
* I don't really think it's that great. But in Finland we also have to study some subjects that we don't like. I'm in high school and I've had to study chemic, which I really don't like and am not good at. Also maths. And we also have to study Swedish as a compulsory subject, because it's our second language, but not even that many people speak it! Most of the youngs dislike studying Swedish and get low grades studying it, because they don't like it at all.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
* I think that if a child's grandmother for example, died, the parents would say that grandmother is in better place now, she had to go, she has passed away. But that she will still be in our memories and she will look at us from the clouds and heaven. But about divorce, I don't really know. I've never been in that kind of situation and I'm really not sure what they would say. Maybe that these things happen, and that it's not the child's fault.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
* That's a hard question.. I think when they are about 2 years old. I asked my mom, who is a nurse, and she says that it depends, but usually between the ages of 1 and 2.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
* Yes, I think that also in Finland the parents will repeat the word few times for the kid to remember. Usually the parents also show the picture of the “word” that they mean. And for example “kello” which means “clock”, they would say “kello”, point at the clock on the wall and then maybe say it again, and they let the child try to say it after. Then also, they sometimes say the word, for example “kello, missä kello?” (clock, where is the clock?) and then let the baby find the clock from the wall and point at it.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
* The parents will be “mad” at the child for some time, so that they will learn that what they did was wrong. But the parents are not too hard on the child. Just enough, to make them know what is wrong and what is right. Because when the mom and dad are not like how they usually are, the child will become a bit scared and she/he will learn that they shouldn't do it again, if they didn't want mom and dad to be different. If this makes any sense...
Moona Viinikainen, 19 years old
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
* I think I would still like to be a North European. I think the things are quite good in here. I've got everything I need and I'm happy. I've sometimes dreamed about living in the United Kingdom, but I'm happy about where I'm from. I'm finnish, and that's what matters. I'm proud of my roots.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
* Of course, I think that education is really good on you. I couldn't really think much of anything else than studying, at the point of my life, because I'm so young.
I don't think there are many people who think that they would quit studying because of the welfare being so good.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say “the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!” If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
* If the child was really young I think the parents would say something as above, because they wouldn't want him to do it again, and the parents would think that if they said something like that, then the child would learn not to do it again. It depends on the parents, but I think many of them would say stuff like “We were so worried, where have you been? Please don't do that again, anything could have happened to you. We really were worried.”
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
* I don't really think it's that great. But in Finland we also have to study some subjects that we don't like. I'm in high school and I've had to study chemic, which I really don't like and am not good at. Also maths. And we also have to study Swedish as a compulsory subject, because it's our second language, but not even that many people speak it! Most of the youngs dislike studying Swedish and get low grades studying it, because they don't like it at all.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
* I think that if a child's grandmother for example, died, the parents would say that grandmother is in better place now, she had to go, she has passed away. But that she will still be in our memories and she will look at us from the clouds and heaven. But about divorce, I don't really know. I've never been in that kind of situation and I'm really not sure what they would say. Maybe that these things happen, and that it's not the child's fault.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
* That's a hard question.. I think when they are about 2 years old. I asked my mom, who is a nurse, and she says that it depends, but usually between the ages of 1 and 2.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
* Yes, I think that also in Finland the parents will repeat the word few times for the kid to remember. Usually the parents also show the picture of the “word” that they mean. And for example “kello” which means “clock”, they would say “kello”, point at the clock on the wall and then maybe say it again, and they let the child try to say it after. Then also, they sometimes say the word, for example “kello, missä kello?” (clock, where is the clock?) and then let the baby find the clock from the wall and point at it.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
* The parents will be “mad” at the child for some time, so that they will learn that what they did was wrong. But the parents are not too hard on the child. Just enough, to make them know what is wrong and what is right. Because when the mom and dad are not like how they usually are, the child will become a bit scared and she/he will learn that they shouldn't do it again, if they didn't want mom and dad to be different. If this makes any sense...
Moona Viinikainen, 19 years old
Education and Entertainment of Children
Here are questions from some Taiwanese students in the university:
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
For me nationality doesn’t matter much since all cultures have their advantages and disadvantages…but yes, I’m happy to be North European.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
Of course I do. It would be rather boring and irresponsible to do nothing. I love studying, and I’ll never stop learning.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
Depends on the person. Some people would explain the dangers to the child, some would just be angry or give some sort of punishment.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
I don’t really understand this question. Most, if not all, countries have compulsory education. Therefore the situation is the same in Taiwan and in Finland.
I recommend rephrasing the question to make it clear what you exactly mean.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
Honestly, I think. About divorce, most Finns would emphasize that it is not the fault of children, just two adults who don’t get along.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
I don’t really know exactly or remember….but I think that in every country kids learn at the same age. It’s not dependent on general education level or such matters, just about how human brain works and how children generally learn.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
We don’t use reduplication. In general, I feel that people in Finland are not so worried (compared to East Asia where they have cram schools for little toddlers) about making young kids learn the language really fast. We let children be children, they will learn in school at the latest.
Again, I’m not sure what this entire survey is about so I don’t exactly know in what way you would like me to answer…
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
(see my answer to the third question)
Comments/answers by Jani Kohonen, also a journalist and ex-teacher, jani.kohonen@gmail.com
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
For me nationality doesn’t matter much since all cultures have their advantages and disadvantages…but yes, I’m happy to be North European.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
Of course I do. It would be rather boring and irresponsible to do nothing. I love studying, and I’ll never stop learning.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
Depends on the person. Some people would explain the dangers to the child, some would just be angry or give some sort of punishment.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
I don’t really understand this question. Most, if not all, countries have compulsory education. Therefore the situation is the same in Taiwan and in Finland.
I recommend rephrasing the question to make it clear what you exactly mean.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
Honestly, I think. About divorce, most Finns would emphasize that it is not the fault of children, just two adults who don’t get along.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
I don’t really know exactly or remember….but I think that in every country kids learn at the same age. It’s not dependent on general education level or such matters, just about how human brain works and how children generally learn.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
We don’t use reduplication. In general, I feel that people in Finland are not so worried (compared to East Asia where they have cram schools for little toddlers) about making young kids learn the language really fast. We let children be children, they will learn in school at the latest.
Again, I’m not sure what this entire survey is about so I don’t exactly know in what way you would like me to answer…
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
(see my answer to the third question)
Comments/answers by Jani Kohonen, also a journalist and ex-teacher, jani.kohonen@gmail.com
Education and Entertainment of Children
Here are questions from some Taiwanese students in the university:
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
No, if I could get another change, I would like to be something else than Northern European, at least something else than Finnish. Maybe Asian, but at least for me, I feel that I don’t belong to here.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
Yes, I want to study, coz even the welfare is quite good comparing to many other countries I still want to survive by my own. And that way I can also earn more and have better life.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
They probably will give “home arrest” for the child, that he/she cannot go out for awhile or meet friends also at home. And parents also may not give so much financial support for the child at that time.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
It’s good to get at least the basic knowledge of those important subjects, but maybe not so good to go too deep and too difficult things.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
In a death case depending maybe how near that person is for child and how old the child is at that time, but if it’s for example father or mother dies, I think they sit down at home with a child and then slowly not straight to say that thing. In divorce case it might be that they say to the child that now parents has decided to live in different places, but the children can still meet both of them and live with both of them in certain times.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
Around when they are about 1-year old, some even earlier.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
In Finland they also use to repeat words and generally the language they speak for the kid, is not like what they use with adults. In my opinion that is not so good, coz it might cause some effect for children’s developing and their language. At least for me, when I was young, my grandma always use this “children” language, and I got some influence from it when I was young, but later it change to normal.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
Well it depending a lot, but for example of stealing, I would go with my children to the place, where he or she stole something and return the thing, and put my child to do something for the person from she/he stole. I also wouldn’t accept lying, but punishment depending so much of the level of lie. Being late of course is not good, but that one is still not so bad than those previous examples. But I would teach my kid to be rather early than late. But if he or she continue being always late, I would let my child taste the same medicine, so maybe that would help the child to learn. And about breaking things, if it was accident, well… those happens, and we cannot do anything, but we have to teach the child be more carefully. If it’s again on purpose, I wouldn’t let child go out with a friend for awhile and not supporting him or her so much by financially before she or he has got some kind of punishment and maybe learn that way to behave better. I don’t believe for violence but I believe to give a punishment that the child feel it by himself that what he has done for others.
Name: Mikael Vaitti
Age: 27
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
No, if I could get another change, I would like to be something else than Northern European, at least something else than Finnish. Maybe Asian, but at least for me, I feel that I don’t belong to here.
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
Yes, I want to study, coz even the welfare is quite good comparing to many other countries I still want to survive by my own. And that way I can also earn more and have better life.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
They probably will give “home arrest” for the child, that he/she cannot go out for awhile or meet friends also at home. And parents also may not give so much financial support for the child at that time.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
It’s good to get at least the basic knowledge of those important subjects, but maybe not so good to go too deep and too difficult things.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
In a death case depending maybe how near that person is for child and how old the child is at that time, but if it’s for example father or mother dies, I think they sit down at home with a child and then slowly not straight to say that thing. In divorce case it might be that they say to the child that now parents has decided to live in different places, but the children can still meet both of them and live with both of them in certain times.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
Around when they are about 1-year old, some even earlier.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
In Finland they also use to repeat words and generally the language they speak for the kid, is not like what they use with adults. In my opinion that is not so good, coz it might cause some effect for children’s developing and their language. At least for me, when I was young, my grandma always use this “children” language, and I got some influence from it when I was young, but later it change to normal.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
Well it depending a lot, but for example of stealing, I would go with my children to the place, where he or she stole something and return the thing, and put my child to do something for the person from she/he stole. I also wouldn’t accept lying, but punishment depending so much of the level of lie. Being late of course is not good, but that one is still not so bad than those previous examples. But I would teach my kid to be rather early than late. But if he or she continue being always late, I would let my child taste the same medicine, so maybe that would help the child to learn. And about breaking things, if it was accident, well… those happens, and we cannot do anything, but we have to teach the child be more carefully. If it’s again on purpose, I wouldn’t let child go out with a friend for awhile and not supporting him or her so much by financially before she or he has got some kind of punishment and maybe learn that way to behave better. I don’t believe for violence but I believe to give a punishment that the child feel it by himself that what he has done for others.
Name: Mikael Vaitti
Age: 27
Education and Entertainment of Children
Dear Bishop,
I've asked several of my friends to answer these questions. I think it's better for you to get the answer right away from them. I don't think I am that qualified to speak for Finns. But sorry for this late reply. Attached are different answers from different persons. It's interesting to see how they express things as well. Hope it is helpful!
Best regards,
Ruth
Here are questions from some Taiwanese students in the university:
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
* Being born in Finland is often considered as a dream-come-true, living in Finland mainly gives good chances to start one's life. The Finnish system may seem perfect but it has it's disadvantages; the custodial welfare state smothers individuals chances to actually success economically in life, yet the social system fails to support the ones in need. Also the modernization and adaptation to American lifestyle has suffocated all the communal values, which results as differentation from other people and even mental disorders. Although I do like the northern “sisukkuus”, it is good to be 'gutsy', it helps a lot in life. Also I love the nature and the calm, silent and headstrong human type. But all in one, I think the whole world is my home, every place have their advantages and disadvantages. I love to be here now, maybe I'll love to be somewhere else at some other time. :)
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
* Nowadays you need to have degrees to even get a simple job. Because of the free and equal education system the finns are in general over-educated, whereupon to get a job you will need to be even more educated than the others. The superiority of Finland when comparing to most of the countries in the world is indeed the (almost) free education, why wouldn't I take everything I get from it? And because the recession is at the door, it is basically time wasted to try find a job. I love to learn new things and I'll rather do this than work at this point of my life.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
* In the older days the reaction would've been quite much the same (replacing police with muggers), nowadays it's not an impossible thought that the parents would leave their kid to do what ever they were doing. Some sort of ignorance has increased - in my eyes at least - within the last 10 years. But again, in some cases parents are over-reacting when it comes to their children; basically every 8-year-old has a cell phone “just in case”, and stranger-danger has reached unbelievable dimensions! No one seems to trust on other people anymore, which is a great shame. Back in the old days everything used to be (and had to be) done together, elderly would look after kids and parents would look after each other's kids. Now the parents would probably say that “Be careful or you'll be hit by a car, someone will kidnap you or you will get lost”.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
* The system in Taiwan seems pretty much the same we have here in Finland. Probably in your country the standars are higher and discipline too..? Every kid in Finland will have to study maths, religion, Finnish, English, geography, biology, history, arts, handicrafts and sports in the primary school. Then in secondary school they will also study Swedish, chemistry, physics, social studies and some additional courses. Kids don't like it as it's not optional, but it sets up equal possibilities for everyone. The system would work otherwise too, school could be more enjoyable place to be in.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
* Death has been a common visitor in the traditional finnish family and it has also been a part of life; the body has been set for everyone to see and it has been taken good care of (bathing etc) before burying. But this has changed. Now the death is a taboo for some reason, a thing to be afraid of, and that's also what parents tend to teach their kids. It is not to be mentioned, it is something terrible. If a kid asks about death it's either “they are in heaven” or “hush”.
* Divorce again is such a common thing, that it's not a big deal anymore in the finnish society. 50% of the marriages end up in divorce and many, many families are so called 'blended families' and consist of members 2 or more families. “It is not your fault, mum and dad just don't love each other anymore.” All this “education” is mainly the parent's job to do, the grandparents don't usually teach kids about such anymore. Divorces happen and kids accept it quite well, no one can predict the future and people tend to think that they shouldn't be together for the sake of kids if they don't love their partner anymore.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
* Hmm... Around 3-4 maybe? Of course they will form simple words and very simple sentences before that.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
* Kids learn to speak by listening and mimicing their parents and people around them. Usually we show a picture and then them what is in the picture, it's also common to first teach the kid to imitate the sound of the object, for example car would be “prum prum” or a cat would be “miaaaau”. For many things we have children's own words, say “lehmä – a cow” can be “ammu” etc. Reduplication is a common practise too.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
* If the child is still quite young he/she will be reproached and disciplined and the behaviour will be condemned. If the child is older or this kind of behaviour continues (which is obviously a result of non-working behaviour models in the environment) he/she will probably be yelled at. A clever parent would tell the kid what he/she has done wrong and teach them why it's forbidden. Yet such mistakes happen and it is considered normal for a child to make mistakes. It's not a huge shame for the family if a kid makes a mistake, it's also learning for the kid at the same. If it seems that the parents can't take care of their children and that's why they steal/heckle the kids can be taken away from them and be housed in foster family or children's home. There are also separate prisons for younger people.
Johanna Valta, 19 years old
I've asked several of my friends to answer these questions. I think it's better for you to get the answer right away from them. I don't think I am that qualified to speak for Finns. But sorry for this late reply. Attached are different answers from different persons. It's interesting to see how they express things as well. Hope it is helpful!
Best regards,
Ruth
Here are questions from some Taiwanese students in the university:
1. If you had another chance to choose, do you still want to be a Northern European?
* Being born in Finland is often considered as a dream-come-true, living in Finland mainly gives good chances to start one's life. The Finnish system may seem perfect but it has it's disadvantages; the custodial welfare state smothers individuals chances to actually success economically in life, yet the social system fails to support the ones in need. Also the modernization and adaptation to American lifestyle has suffocated all the communal values, which results as differentation from other people and even mental disorders. Although I do like the northern “sisukkuus”, it is good to be 'gutsy', it helps a lot in life. Also I love the nature and the calm, silent and headstrong human type. But all in one, I think the whole world is my home, every place have their advantages and disadvantages. I love to be here now, maybe I'll love to be somewhere else at some other time. :)
2. Since the welfare of your country is so good, do you still want to study?
* Nowadays you need to have degrees to even get a simple job. Because of the free and equal education system the finns are in general over-educated, whereupon to get a job you will need to be even more educated than the others. The superiority of Finland when comparing to most of the countries in the world is indeed the (almost) free education, why wouldn't I take everything I get from it? And because the recession is at the door, it is basically time wasted to try find a job. I love to learn new things and I'll rather do this than work at this point of my life.
3. In Taiwan, if a child disobeyed his mother’s words, wandering along the street, the mother will blame on him and say“the police will come to catch you and put you into the prison!!”If the same thing happened, what will the elders do or say in your country?
* In the older days the reaction would've been quite much the same (replacing police with muggers), nowadays it's not an impossible thought that the parents would leave their kid to do what ever they were doing. Some sort of ignorance has increased - in my eyes at least - within the last 10 years. But again, in some cases parents are over-reacting when it comes to their children; basically every 8-year-old has a cell phone “just in case”, and stranger-danger has reached unbelievable dimensions! No one seems to trust on other people anymore, which is a great shame. Back in the old days everything used to be (and had to be) done together, elderly would look after kids and parents would look after each other's kids. Now the parents would probably say that “Be careful or you'll be hit by a car, someone will kidnap you or you will get lost”.
4. What do you think about Taiwanese students (from seven to twelve grade) who have to learn every subject such as Math, Science, History, Geography...., whether they like it or not?
* The system in Taiwan seems pretty much the same we have here in Finland. Probably in your country the standars are higher and discipline too..? Every kid in Finland will have to study maths, religion, Finnish, English, geography, biology, history, arts, handicrafts and sports in the primary school. Then in secondary school they will also study Swedish, chemistry, physics, social studies and some additional courses. Kids don't like it as it's not optional, but it sets up equal possibilities for everyone. The system would work otherwise too, school could be more enjoyable place to be in.
5. How do the elders describe to children about death and divorce?
* Death has been a common visitor in the traditional finnish family and it has also been a part of life; the body has been set for everyone to see and it has been taken good care of (bathing etc) before burying. But this has changed. Now the death is a taboo for some reason, a thing to be afraid of, and that's also what parents tend to teach their kids. It is not to be mentioned, it is something terrible. If a kid asks about death it's either “they are in heaven” or “hush”.
* Divorce again is such a common thing, that it's not a big deal anymore in the finnish society. 50% of the marriages end up in divorce and many, many families are so called 'blended families' and consist of members 2 or more families. “It is not your fault, mum and dad just don't love each other anymore.” All this “education” is mainly the parent's job to do, the grandparents don't usually teach kids about such anymore. Divorces happen and kids accept it quite well, no one can predict the future and people tend to think that they shouldn't be together for the sake of kids if they don't love their partner anymore.
6. What is the normal age for kids to start talking?
* Hmm... Around 3-4 maybe? Of course they will form simple words and very simple sentences before that.
7. Generally speaking, when we are teaching little kids new words, we often use reduplication, for example, “che”which means car, and we will say“che che”. How about you? Are there any special methods to teach children?
* Kids learn to speak by listening and mimicing their parents and people around them. Usually we show a picture and then them what is in the picture, it's also common to first teach the kid to imitate the sound of the object, for example car would be “prum prum” or a cat would be “miaaaau”. For many things we have children's own words, say “lehmä – a cow” can be “ammu” etc. Reduplication is a common practise too.
8. If a child makes mistakes, what would the elders do? For instance, stealing, being late, breaking something, and lying.
* If the child is still quite young he/she will be reproached and disciplined and the behaviour will be condemned. If the child is older or this kind of behaviour continues (which is obviously a result of non-working behaviour models in the environment) he/she will probably be yelled at. A clever parent would tell the kid what he/she has done wrong and teach them why it's forbidden. Yet such mistakes happen and it is considered normal for a child to make mistakes. It's not a huge shame for the family if a kid makes a mistake, it's also learning for the kid at the same. If it seems that the parents can't take care of their children and that's why they steal/heckle the kids can be taken away from them and be housed in foster family or children's home. There are also separate prisons for younger people.
Johanna Valta, 19 years old
Monday, March 16, 2009
Friday, March 13, 2009
opening of DiakoniaTaiwan
I here announce that the DiakoniaTaiwan website start work from now.
Bishop Chou
Bishop Chou
The Education and Entertainment of Children and the Youth
The Education and Entertainment of Children and the Youth
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